
Using Learning Science for Effective Instructional Design
Instructional design is a constantly evolving field, and one of the key elements of effective training is the integration of learning science principles. Learning science is a multidisciplinary field that draws from psychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, and related disciplines to understand how people learn and identify effective ways to support that learning.
As an instructional designer, it’s important to have a foundational understanding of the basics of learning science in order to design training programs that are effective and engaging. Some of the key concepts and principles of learning science include:
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Cognitive load theory: This theory proposes that our working memory has a limited capacity and can become overwhelmed if we are presented with too much information at once. To avoid cognitive overload, instructional designers should present information in smaller, more manageable chunks. You can read more about cognitive load in this previous article.
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Working memory: This is the part of our memory that temporarily stores and processes information. It has a limited capacity and can only hold a certain amount of information at a time. To help learners retain information in working memory, instructional designers should create training that is visually appealing, concise, and straightforward.
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Long-term memory: This is the part of our memory that stores information for later retrieval. To help learners retain information in long-term memory, instructional designers should present it in a meaningful and relevant context.
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Spacing effect: This principle suggests that learning is more effective when it is spaced out over time rather than crammed into one session. Spacing out learning sessions helps learners consolidate information in long-term memory and make connections between new and existing knowledge. You can read more about spaced learning in this previous article.
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Retrieval practice: This principle suggests that recalling information from memory strengthens that memory. By incorporating frequent retrieval practice, such as quizzes and review sessions, instructional designers can help learners retain information for longer periods of time.
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Cognitive flexibility: This is the ability to switch between different modes of thinking and adapt to new situations. It is an essential skill for learning and problem-solving. Instructional designers can help develop cognitive flexibility by providing learners with opportunities to apply their knowledge and skills in different contexts.
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Active learning: This approach engages learners in the learning process through discussion, problem-solving, or other activities. By incorporating active learning, instructional designers can help learners develop deeper understanding and critical thinking skills.
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Feedback: This is essential for learning, as it helps learners understand how they’re doing and what they need to improve. Instructional designers should provide learners with feedback that is timely, specific, and actionable.
By incorporating these key principles of learning science into their training programs, instructional designers can create effective and engaging learning experiences for their learners. Understanding how people learn is crucial for designing training that is not only informative but also memorable and applicable in real-world situations. So if you’re an instructional designer looking to create training programs that make a lasting impact, integrating learning science principles should be a top priority.